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What respirator is right for you?

July 1, 2021
By Joseph Solheid, QSSP | Director of Safety Sales
Employee in shop wearing respirator
Respirators are among the most important pieces of protective equipment for working in hazardous environments. Are you sure if you are providing the proper equipment or just not sure where to start when selecting new equipment to protect your employees? Use this guide to help understand what protection is available and where to get started.
 
Before selecting the proper protection, you must assess the hazards that are present in your specific workplace. Hazard assessments should be conducted by experienced safety personnel or by an industrial hygienist. Visit ABIA.org for a list of industrial hygienists in your area.
 
Below, you’ll see different types of respirators, their advantages, and their limitations. You’ll also see APF or Assigned Protection Factor. APF is the measure of a respirator’s protection capability. This is a number that OSHA has assigned to each class of respirator and it represents the level of protection against airborne exposure each respirator is expected to provide. The larger the number, the greater the protection. For example, a respirator with an APF of 10, when used properly, will reduce your exposure to 1/10th of the concentration of the contaminant in the air.


Now that you understand more about knowing the hazards and understanding the levels of protection, let’s look at the different respirators that are available and what each can offer.

If you're looking for a deeper dive on how to pick the right respiratory protection, try this.
​

AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATORS
These remove airborne contaminants such as particles, toxic vapors, and/or gases. They are appropriate for environments with low-level contamination and sufficient oxygen.
High speed steel drill bit
Disposable Filtering Facepiece
APF = 3.5
Advantages
  • Lightweight and comfortable
  • Inexpensive and disposable
  • Filters out particles in the air
Limitations
  • Minimal amount of protection
  • Cannot be work by users with facial hair
Cobalt drill bit
Reusable Elastomeric
APF = 10 - 50
Advantages
  • Lightweight and easy to use
  • Long-lasting when properly maintained 
  • Filters are available to protect against multiple contaminants at once
Limitations
  • Negative pressure makes inhaling through the filter media a little more difficult
  • ​Does not protect against all hazards, protection depends on filter/cartridge used


Carbide drill bit
Powered (PAPR)
APF = 25 - 1,000
Advantages
  • Lightweight and portable
  • Offers good protection from a wide variety of airborne contaminants 
  • Positive pressure makes breathing easier than other particulate respirators
Limitations
  • Does not protect against all hazards, protection depends on filter/cartridge use
  • Relies on a charged battery at all times
ATMOSPHERE-SUPPLYING RESPIRATORS
These provide the wearer with clean air from either a portable cylinder or remote source such as a compressor. These are used in environments with high levels of contamination.
Black oxide drill bit
Supplied-Air or Airline
APF = 1 - 1,000
Advantages
  • Can be used for extended periods of time
  • Provide a high level of protection in hazardous environments
  • Lightweight, low bulk, and low operating costs
Limitations
  • Hoses may get tangled or crimped
  • If a problem occurs with the airline, the wearer loses all protection
Black and gold drill bit
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
APF = 10 - 10,000
Advantages
  • Free range of motion while working
  • Highest level of protection against all airborne contaminants 
  • Can be used in IDLH environments
Limitations
  • Heavy and bulky, often requiring the wearer to carry an extra 20-30lbs
  • Expensive to purchase and maintain
  • ​Facial hair and other factors can affect fit

​Once you’ve determined the respirators right for your workplace, you’ll need to perform fit testing. This is mandatory per OSHA standard 1910.134(f). For more information on fit testing requirements, check this out. Here are some other tips to remember when providing respiratory protection.
  • Offer employees a number of different respirator models and sizes so they are able to find a respirator that fits properly and is as comfortable as possible.
  • Things such as facial hair, earrings, long sideburns, and dentures can affect the fit of a respirator with a tight-fitting facepiece. If the fit is affected, so is the protection.
  • All respirators and respirator parts must be certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  • Accessories are also available for some facepieces such as: nose cups to reduce lens fogging, lens covers to protect from paint and scratches, or spectacle kits for employees who wear corrective lenses.


​You may also like:

Man standing in front of building with respirator on
​21 Questions to Make Sure You Have the Correct Respiratory Protection
Model in paint booth wearing respirator
How to Pick the Right Respiratory Protection
Fastenal employee standing in front of vending machine with mask on
​Back to Safety Basics
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Still have questions or additional needs?
Contact our safety specialists at
833-FNL-SAFE or
safetyquestions@fastenal.com.
​
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